Auto insurance can include a wide range of coverage, from liability-only to coverage that will fix the smallest dent or scratch on your car's paint job. With auto insurance being required by law in many places, you may be confused as to what kind of coverage you need. This article will explain the basics and help you learn what you need to know about car insurance. Being a careful driver can really save you money on insurance. Obviously, insurers would rather insure good drivers and will provide lower rates for good drivers, but did you know that causing an accident can make your insurance rates nearly double? It is abundantly clear that driving safely is one of the best ways to keep your insurance rates low! To get the most for your money when pricing automobile insurance, be sure to consider the extras that are included with some policies. You can save on towing costs with emergency roadside assistance that is included by some insurers. Others may offer discounts for good drivers or including more than one car on your policy. A simple way to save a bit of money on your auto insurance, is to find out whether the insurance company gives discounts for either paying the entire premium at once (most will give you a small discount for doing this) or taking payments electronically. Either way, you will pay less than shelling out each month's payment separately. One of the best ways to get great deals on automobile insurance is to speak to someone in person or at least on the phone. Insurance is automated and very easy to get online, but actually speaking with someone allows for the back-and-forth Q "�n' A session that may introduce you to some discounts you did not previously know about. It is vital that when making an automobile accident claim, that you have all the information available for the insurance company. Without it, your claim may not go through. Some things you need to have ready for them include the make and year of the car you got into an accident with, how many people were in each car, what kinds of injuries were sustained, and where and when it happened. Know different coverage options, and check to be sure your insurance provides the best coverage. Liability is important both for damage you cause to other people, and damage you cause to yourself or your own property. Other types of coverage that you need include protection from uninsured drivers and damage from fire or other disasters. With many insurance companies, teenagers have to pay more for auto insurance. This is because they are considered to be high risk drivers. In order to make auto insurance more affordable for teenagers, it may be wise to put them on the same insurance as a more experienced drive, such as their mother or father. You might be able to save on auto insurance by obtaining a bundled insurance package. Search for these types of offers, especially those that bundle auto and homeowners insurance. Ensure you are paying an affordable rate for good coverage as sometimes two sets of insurance is the better option. Write down a list of each discount your insurance company offers. Go through that list and put a check mark next to any that apply to you. You might be surprised at how much you can save by claiming discounts. If you want to avoid paying a high premium, don't drive a flashy car. Sports cars and other high performance vehicles, often have premiums that are two or three times larger than that of a standard car. You should also research commonly stolen vehicles and be sure to avoid them. Most insurance companies will charge significantly more to insure these types of cars. When you go hunting for car insurance bargains, do not neglect your employer as a potential source of discounts. Many companies - even relatively small ones - have arrangements with insurers to get volume discounts for their employees. If your employer has such a program in place, you might realize significant savings by taking advantage of it. To ensure you continue to get the best possible car insurance, it is wise to do a little comparison shopping against your current policy from time to time. Doing this about a month before your policy renews is a great strategy. This allows you to take advantage of a better offer or use it to negotiate a new rate with your current insurer. When trying to get affordable auto insurance, keep in mind your state's minimum liability coverage requirements. You need to know what minimums to obtain so that you can get a policy that matches these particular minimums. You can find a list of your state's minimums at your state's insurance commissioner's website. Consider switching your current insurance to a lower coverage policy to save a few more dollars. Depending on your state's insurance requirements and if you are leasing or renting to own a vehicle, you may be able to lower your insurance coverage to save a little extra money each month. If you finance your vehicle, your lender may have requirements governing the level of auto insurance you must maintain during the duration of the loan. Generally, the requirements relate to how high you can have your deductible. Check with your lender before signing a new policy to avoid any conflicts. Ask your auto insurance company if they will give you a discount, due to whatever your chosen profession is. Some companies give rate discounts to customers who work in certain fields because they feel that you are a lower risk, due to your skills or the way that you may live your life. You can protect your car, yourself, and your passengers with the right car insurance coverage. Without it, you could find yourself in serious debt should an accident occur, and possibly even on the wrong side of the law. With the knowledge you have gained from this article, you are now well prepared to look for car insurance.
Auto insurance can include a wide range of coverage, from liability-only to coverage that will fix the smallest dent or scratch on your car's paint job. With auto insurance being required by law in many places, you may be confused as to what kind of coverage you need. This article will explain the basics and help you learn what you need to know about car insurance. Being a careful driver can really save you money on insurance. Obviously, insurers would rather insure good drivers and will provide lower rates for good drivers, but did you know that causing an accident can make your insurance rates nearly double? It is abundantly clear that driving safely is one of the best ways to keep your insurance rates low! To get the most for your money when pricing automobile insurance, be sure to consider the extras that are included with some policies. You can save on towing costs with emergency roadside assistance that is included by some insurers. Others may offer discounts for good drivers or including more than one car on your policy. A simple way to save a bit of money on your auto insurance, is to find out whether the insurance company gives discounts for either paying the entire premium at once (most will give you a small discount for doing this) or taking payments electronically. Either way, you will pay less than shelling out each month's payment separately. One of the best ways to get great deals on automobile insurance is to speak to someone in person or at least on the phone. Insurance is automated and very easy to get online, but actually speaking with someone allows for the back-and-forth Q "�n' A session that may introduce you to some discounts you did not previously know about. It is vital that when making an automobile accident claim, that you have all the information available for the insurance company. Without it, your claim may not go through. Some things you need to have ready for them include the make and year of the car you got into an accident with, how many people were in each car, what kinds of injuries were sustained, and where and when it happened. Know different coverage options, and check to be sure your insurance provides the best coverage. Liability is important both for damage you cause to other people, and damage you cause to yourself or your own property. Other types of coverage that you need include protection from uninsured drivers and damage from fire or other disasters. With many insurance companies, teenagers have to pay more for auto insurance. This is because they are considered to be high risk drivers. In order to make auto insurance more affordable for teenagers, it may be wise to put them on the same insurance as a more experienced drive, such as their mother or father. You might be able to save on auto insurance by obtaining a bundled insurance package. Search for these types of offers, especially those that bundle auto and homeowners insurance. Ensure you are paying an affordable rate for good coverage as sometimes two sets of insurance is the better option. Write down a list of each discount your insurance company offers. Go through that list and put a check mark next to any that apply to you. You might be surprised at how much you can save by claiming discounts. If you want to avoid paying a high premium, don't drive a flashy car. Sports cars and other high performance vehicles, often have premiums that are two or three times larger than that of a standard car. You should also research commonly stolen vehicles and be sure to avoid them. Most insurance companies will charge significantly more to insure these types of cars. When you go hunting for car insurance bargains, do not neglect your employer as a potential source of discounts. Many companies - even relatively small ones - have arrangements with insurers to get volume discounts for their employees. If your employer has such a program in place, you might realize significant savings by taking advantage of it. To ensure you continue to get the best possible car insurance, it is wise to do a little comparison shopping against your current policy from time to time. Doing this about a month before your policy renews is a great strategy. This allows you to take advantage of a better offer or use it to negotiate a new rate with your current insurer. When trying to get affordable auto insurance, keep in mind your state's minimum liability coverage requirements. You need to know what minimums to obtain so that you can get a policy that matches these particular minimums. You can find a list of your state's minimums at your state's insurance commissioner's website. Consider switching your current insurance to a lower coverage policy to save a few more dollars. Depending on your state's insurance requirements and if you are leasing or renting to own a vehicle, you may be able to lower your insurance coverage to save a little extra money each month. If you finance your vehicle, your lender may have requirements governing the level of auto insurance you must maintain during the duration of the loan. Generally, the requirements relate to how high you can have your deductible. Check with your lender before signing a new policy to avoid any conflicts. Ask your auto insurance company if they will give you a discount, due to whatever your chosen profession is. Some companies give rate discounts to customers who work in certain fields because they feel that you are a lower risk, due to your skills or the way that you may live your life. You can protect your car, yourself, and your passengers with the right car insurance coverage. Without it, you could find yourself in serious debt should an accident occur, and possibly even on the wrong side of the law. With the knowledge you have gained from this article, you are now well prepared to look for car insurance.

Thomas Midgley, Sang Perusak Bumi yang Terlupakan

Dunia tanpa Midgley?
Kebayang ga sih dunia tanpa mobil? Sepertinya sulit membayangkannya karena mobil sudah menjadi bagian yang alami dalam kehidupan kita semua. Mau melakukan apapun, pergi kemanapun, bertemu siapapun kita berangkatnya pakai mobil. Ya, kalau bukan mobil ya motor atau angkot. Sama ajalah. .
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Atau bagaimana dengan dunia tanpa lemari es? Makanan harus dikonsumsi sesegera mungkin, tidak bisa kirim-kirim makanan masak. Hmmm… Sepertinya dunia yang kita tinggali tidak akan sama tanpa adanya mesin pembakaran dalam atau lemari es.

Hari ini kita akan melihat hidup, temuan dan warisan pada dunia seorang yang hebat tapi tidak dikenal bernama Thomas Midgley, Jr. Memang kalau anda meng-google lemari es atau mesin pembakaran dalam anda akan menemukan bahwa Midgley ini bukan penemunya, tapi dia melakukan yang lain. Dia membuatnya efisien.

Lahir dan besar di Amerika Serikat, Thomas Midgley, Jr adalah anak dari seorang penemu dan dari kecil dia memiliki hasrat yang tinggi untuk mengikuti jejak langkah bapaknya. Dengan bekal gelar Insinyur Mekanis dari Cornell University, dia bekerja pada sebuah perusahaan yang nantinya akan menjadi laboratorium General Motors.

Seorang insinyur yang handal, Midgley mendapat 4 penghargaan tinggi dari American Chemical Society termasuk yang paling prestisius ‘the Priestley Medal’ pada tahun 1941, dan bukan hanya itu dia juga diberikan dua gelar honorer, terpilih menjadi anggota National Academy of Sciences dan juga menjabat sebagai Presiden dan Chariman dari the American Chemical Society.

Sepanjang kariernya dia memegang lebih dari 100 paten. Ini bukan orang sembarangan, bung.

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Bukan sembarang orang
Tapi sepanjang sejarah manusia, ada banyak orang yang seperti Midgley berhasil mengubah dunia dengan teknologi. Apa yang membuat dia spesial? Bukan karena pakai telur 3 tapi karena tanpa sengaja, Midgley merusak lingkungan hidup.

Ketika itu Midgley berumur 27 tahun dan bekerja pada Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company. Di tahun 1920an masalah besar yang sedang dihadapi oleh mesin pembakaran dalam adalah enginge knocking. Ini diakibatkan oleh pembakaran bensin yang terlalu cepat menghasilkan hilangnya tenaga mesin dan juga mempercepat proses pengausan mesin dan bahkan kadang-kadang bisa mengakibatkan mesinnya meledak (bukan seperti di film hollywood, tapi pistonnya bisa saja terdorong keluar dari mesin).

Ketika Midgley dan rekannya sedang brainstorming mereka mendapatkan ide bahwa bila warna bensin diubah knocking akan berkurang (aneh memang), dan mereka menambahkan Iodine (karena warnanya merah) kedalamnya dan sim-salabim, ternyata berhasil. Tapi ternyata bukan karena warnanya tetapi sesuatu didalam Iodine itu yang mengubah kadar oktan bensin itu sehingga mesinnya bisa menggunakan rasio kompresi lebih tinggi dan alhasil: knockingnya hilang.

Setelah riset, Midgley dan rekannya menemukan bahwa aditif yang paling bisa mengurangi knocking adalah: Tetra-Ethyl-Lead, atau disingkat jadi TEL. Kalau anda masih ingat Kimia SMA anda akan tahu bahwa Lead = Pb = Plumbum a.k.a Timbal.

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Setelah TEL digunakan jumlah timbal di dunia melejit
Riset Midgley menyebabkan teradopsinya bensin bercampurkan timbal di seluruh dunia. Biarpun sekarang bensin pakai timbal sudah dilarang di hampir semua negara, selama lebih dari setengah abad manusia memompa Timbal ke atmosfer kita tanpa menyadari bahwa itu berakibat buruk kepada kesehatan dan juga lingkungan hidup. [1] [2]

Tapi tunggu dulu, ini belum selesai. Dia memiliki satu lagi kontribusi besar untuk manusia.

Pada zamannya zat pendingin yang ada didalam lemari es cukup berbahaya; mereka mudah terbakar, beracun, dan berbagai masalah lain. Jadi Midgley pun mengalihkan perhatiannya kesana dan mengembangkan sesuatu bernama dichlorodiflouro-methane, a.k.a FREON-12. Midgley berhasil membuat CFC komersil pertama (bukan tipe Fried Chicken yah!) dan saking tidak berbahayanya dia dipakai diratusan alat-alat termasuk AC, lemari es, penghisap buat orang asthma, aerosol, dan apapun yang membutuhkan gas lembam.

Tapi seperti anda tahu CFC juga ternyata berbahaya. Pada tahun 1973 dua orang penerima hadiah nobel, F Sherwood Rowland dan Mario Molina, menemukan bahwa molekul gas lembam FREON itu ternyata berdampak besar pada lapisan atmosfer Ozone.

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proses penguraian ozone akibat CFC
Sudah jadi pengetahuan umum memang bahwa lapisan ozone melindungi bumi dari sinar ultraviolet yang berlebihan, dan efek dari sinar UV pun sudah banyak didokumentasi. Ada dua tipe sinar UV dan yang tipe-A sangat membantu dan biarpun ada ozone yang ini tetap lewat. Tapi karena tipisnya lapisan ozone kita tipe yang berbahaya (tipe-B) bisa masuk ke bumi dan mengubah DNA mahluk hidup. DNA. Mungkin anda bisa saja jadi Bruce Banner, tapi kayanya sih ga bakalan. Ilmuwan sepakat bahwa tanpa adanya lapisan ozone, besar kemungkinannya dari dulu kehidupan di dunia tidak pernah akan terjadi.

Pada akhirnya dunia terkejut ketika melihat apa yang dilakukan CFC pada lingkungan hidup dan pada tahun 1982 CFC mulai dilarang di dunia. Tapi sekarang pun itu sudah sedikit terlambat.

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Hasil penggunaan CFC didunia
Bagus atau tidak, dunia kita berubah karena perbuatan Thomas Midgley, Jr. Yang menjadi pokok permasalahannya adalah apakah kami harus berterima-kasih padanya atau mengutuknya?

Midgley meninggal pada tahun 1944 tanpa mengetahui akibat dari temuan-temuannya. Dia lakukan apa yang dia lakukan bukan karena adanya kejahatan didalamnya, dia meyakini kalau penemuannya akan mengubah dunia untuk lebih baik. Apakah bisa dia disalahkan? Niatnya kan baik.

Lucunya (sebenarnya tidak lucu sih, tapi bisa dibilang poetic justice), Midgley meninggal oleh tangannya sendiri. Dia terjangkit penyakit polio pada tahun 1940 dan dengan cepat kehilangan kegunaan kakinya. Dia membuat sebuah alat yang menggunakan katrol dan tali untuk membantu dia naik dan turun tempat tidur dan suatu hari dia ditemukan dalam keadaan mati, tidak sengaja tercekik oleh temuannya sendiri.

Ini kisah yang tragis untuk manusia dan juga untuk Midgley. Untuk yang satu ini saya rasa ada baiknya dia terlupakan.

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